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To offset this disadvantage to a certain extent, a data reconstruction method has been developed and evaluated. Although the slack-line mooring method has the advantage of downsizing the total mooring system, it also has the disadvantage of having relatively large vertical shifts of installed sensors produced by a large migration of the surface buoy. This paper describes the performance of the newly developed buoy system, especially the data consistency against the taut-line mooring system, which is usually used for a tropical moored buoy array. The authors have also conducted a field experiment of the simultaneous deployment of new slack-line mooring and conventional taut-line mooring in the eastern Indian Ocean. To promote RAMA the authors have developed a small size buoy system, which uses the slack-line mooring method, intended for the easy handling of maintenance on a relatively small vessel. Development of RAMA has been gradually accelerated in recent years as a multinational effort. The m-TRITON salinity is reconstructed into standard-level data.įor the purpose of climate research and forecasting the Research Moored Array for African–Asian–Australian Monsoon Analysis and Prediction (RAMA) in the Indian Ocean has been planned.
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Digital atmosphere buoy data series#
(d) Time series of the pressure observed with the m-TRITON mooring at 100 m. Time series of salinity observed with (a) m-TRITON and (b) TRITON moorings at 100 m, and (c) its difference (m-TRITON salinity minus TRITON salinity). Time series of salinity observed with (a) m-TRITON and (b) TRITON moorings at the uppermost levels: 1 m for m-TRITON and 1.5 m for TRITON, and (c) its difference (m-TRITON salinity minus TRITON salinity). (d) Time series of the low-pass-filtered (25-h running mean) difference between m-TRITON and TRITON temperatures, which is the same as in Fig. The white contour line indicates a 20☌ isotherm. (c) Time–depth diagram of the m-TRITON temperature near the thermocline layer. These wind time series are based on the QuikSCAT ocean winds data. (b) Time series of the zonal wind at 0°, 90☎. Red indicates westerly, whereas blue indicates easterly. (a) Time–longitude diagram of zonal wind along the equator. The closed circles indicate nominal observed levels. Time–depth diagram of the upper-layer temperature observed with (a) m-TRITON and (b) TRITON moorings from Feb to Mar 2007. The observed temperature is reconstructed into standard-level data. (d) Low-pass-filtered (25-h running mean) difference is also indicated. Time series of temperature observed with (a) m-TRITON and (b) TRITON moorings at 40 m, and (c) its difference (m-TRITON temperature minus TRITON temperature). Time–depth diagram of temperature observed with (a) m-TRITON and (b) TRITON moorings. The closed circles indicate values at standard levels. Mean profiles of (a) temperature and (b) salinity calculated from 15 CTD casts with the observed pressure variation range corresponding to minimum–maximum range from to. The solid lines indicate the CTD cast data, and the blue and red circles indicate the raw and the reconstructed standard-level data, respectively. (a) Temperature and (b) salinity profiles observed with the CTD cast and m-TRITON mooring after deployment.
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Profile of the vertical gradient for temperature calculated from 15 CTD casts: (a) mean and (b) std dev. The red line indicates the mean profile of all casts, and the closed circles on the y axes represent the target depths for the buoy observation. (a) Temperature and (b) salinity profiles observed with 15 CTD casts conducted on the buoy operation cruise from 2000 to 2007. Time series of the surface buoy position (blue line) defined from the anchor point and the observed pressure (red line) of the deepest sensor installed at 510 m. The circles indicate the movable circle of the surface buoy: the small one is for TRITON mooring, whereas the large one is for m-TRITON mooring. The most declined condition for the TRITON mooring is also described in (b). Note that the shape of mooring lines for both buoys is not to scale to emphasize the different concepts.Įxamples of surface buoy position and associated upward shifts of each underwater sensor in the case of (a) standing and (b) declined conditions for m-TRITON mooring. Schematic diagram of the difference between (left) taut-line and (right) slack-line moorings. Schematic representation of the m-TRITON mooring system.